Mon 23.Nov.2009
Hania, Crete, Greece
"This time for sure."
- B. Moose
OK. Armed with my knowledge of the actual opening hours, I returned the next day to Knossos, capital of a major civilization that was already in its heyday in 2000 BC - as long before the founding of Rome (509 BC) as we are after the fall of Rome. This place goes back 1500 years before Athens and the parthenon; it is by far the oldest city I have ever visited. I paid my six Euro, and here goes....
peacock facing camerastone foundations of an ancient building complex
Peacocks stroll unconfined near the entrance. Peahens too.

Time Tunnel
I don't remember whether this tunnel does something structural, or is just a decorative arbor. It connects the entrance area to the actual palace complex.

Couple atop stone bastion, in front of partly-restored colonnadechest-high earthenware jars
What a pair of jugs!
Sorry, couldn't resist. These things stand 4-5 feet (~1..5m) tall. If you can't hoist yours, no beer for you.

Until about 1900 AD, Knossos was considered purely legendary / mythical - King Minos, Labyrinth, Minotaur etc.

An English archaeologist named Arthur Evans changed all that by finding the real thing. In the course of his diggings, he controversially "restored" some portions, often according to little more than his own conjecture.

The restorations help visualize the scale of what might have been on their foundations. Are they correct in their actual appearance? Debates still rage among the experts. Let's leave them to it. What you see is what is here.
shiny new white colums, cretans paintings, on ancient foundationbottom 2 feet or so of complext walls
This place was vast, also many leveled. The visitor entrance is at the top, so you only slowly realize the number of levels running down the hillside.

An Historical Puzzle
space in floor revealing columns on floor bellowancient wall high over hillside
As I understand it, Minoan civilization, as these folks are called, lasted many centuries, and only in the later layers of their remains is there any trace of weapons. So they apparently built the Knossos palace complex, and their other cities, and ran a major civilization without serious violence?

turn in outdoor staircaserestored columns of ancient terrace
I can understand if the ocean kept them safe from external enemies (except of course, Santorini). But were these massive palace complexes not built by slaves? Nobody volunteers to be a slave. (As Frederick Douglas said millenia later, there is not a man alive who does not know that slavery is wrong for himself.) I don't buy that the enormous manpower that built and operated this complex was enslaved peacefully. So umm... how did those Minoans pull it off?
dark hall with door to outsideceiling lit from space over door to outside
Later: I got this response from a history and classics major.
I have no idea of how Knossos was built or how the archaeologists explain
the absence of weapons.
 
I do know, however, that the many great European cathedrals were not built
by slaves.  They were built by paid laborers - and sometimes not-so-paid
peasant labor, many of whom actually did labor if not for the glory of God
then for the peaceful repose of their own souls.
 
It is even surmised these days that some of the Egyptian tombs and temples
may have been built in much the same way and for much the same reasons.

colonnade in atrium open to skyancient colonnade seen through slats in modern wooden door
OK... away from that lecturn!

Let's keep on looking at this remarkable place.
columns seen between door slatsdefalt alt text

Next: More Knossos
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